KPV

KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is a small, stable tripeptide representing the C-terminal amino acid sequence of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Despite its short chain, it retains the full anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potency of its parent molecule. Its mechanism involves the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and suppression of NF-κB nuclear translocation, thereby drastically reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Concurrently, it acts as a potent chemotactic regulator, modulating neutrophil infiltration without impairing macrophage phagocytosis. In research, KPV is extensively used to study inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, uveitis, and neuroinflammation. Its small size allows for excellent tissue penetration and rapid systemic distribution. It is also investigated for its direct bactericidal effects against resistant strains, offering a dual anti-inflammatory and anti-infective profile.