GHK-CU

This copper-binding tripeptide (Glycyl-Histidyl-Lysine) is a naturally occurring plasma peptide that exhibits profound regulatory effects on gene expression. Its primary mechanism involves the upregulation of collagen types I, III, and IV synthesis via fibroblast stimulation, while simultaneously downregulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) to prevent premature extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. GHK-CU also acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) release. Additionally, its copper ion chelation property provides intrinsic antioxidant activity by preventing Fenton chemistry-driven hydroxyl radical formation. In dermatological and regenerative research, it is extensively utilized to study dermal wound contraction, hair follicle neogenesis, and the restoration of skin barrier integrity in photodamaged or aged tissue models. For optimal stability, lyophilized GHK-CU should be stored at -20°C and reconstituted with sterile bacteriostatic water, with aliquots frozen to prevent degradation.